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--- midi [2023-06-14 00:17] – added note chart asdf
+++ midi [2024-02-17 21:25] (current) – asdf
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 ====== MIDI ======
+===== Physical spec =====
+{{ ::midisocket.svg?width=350px|}}
+MIDI signals are typically carried through DIN5 connectors (see image for socket pinout). Pin 4 is the current source/Vcc, pin 5 is the current sink/TX, and pin 2 is ground.
+More compact devices may make use of a TRS connector instead. These come in a number of flavors:
+^ Type ^ Tip ^ Ring ^
+| Type A | Sink | Source |
+| Type B | Source | Sink |
+| Ring active | NC | Sink |
+| Tip active | Sink | NC |
 ===== Messages =====
+MIDI messages (other than SysEx) range from 1 to 3 bytes in length, transmitted as 8N1 serial [[:UART]] at 31250 bps.
+Messages in the first group (0x8n--0xEn) are channel messages; the lower nybble indicates the channel number (where 0 = channel 1, etc.). Though their parameters are full bytes, their values only range from 0x00--0x7F.
+^ Command ^ Param 1 ^ Param 2 ^ Meaning ^
+| 0x8n | note | velocity | Note off |
+| 0x9n | note | velocity | Note on |
+| 0xAn | note | velocity | Polyphonic aftertouch |
+| 0xBn | controller | value | Continuous controller |
+| 0xCn | program | n/a | Program change |
+| 0xDn | value | n/a | Channel aftertouch |
+| 0xEn | LSB | MSB | Pitch bend |
+|||
+| 0xF0 | ID | variable-size payload | SysEx start |
+| 0xF1 | data | n/a | MIDI time code message |
+| 0xF2 | LSB | MSB | Song position pointer |
+| 0xF3 | song number | n/a | Song select |
+| 0xF4 | n/a | n/a | undefined |
+| 0xF5 | n/a | n/a | undefined |
+| 0xF6 | n/a | n/a | Tune request |
+| 0xF7 | n/a | n/a | SysEx end |
+| 0xF8 | n/a | n/a | Clock (24 PPQ) |
+| 0xF9 | n/a | n/a | undefined |
+| 0xFA | n/a | n/a | Start |
+| 0xFB | ? | n/a | Continue |
+| 0xFC | n/a | n/a | Stop |
+| 0xFD | n/a | n/a | undefined |
+| 0xFE | n/a | n/a | Active sensing (keepalive) |
+| 0xFF | n/a | n/a | System reset |
 ===== Notes =====
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 | 108       |   C8 |         | 4186.0         |
+===== Resources =====
+  * https://minimidi.world/
+  * https://www.morningstar.io/post/all-you-need-to-know-about-trs-midi-connections
+  * https://www.midi.org/specifications-old/item/table-1-summary-of-midi-message
+  * https://anotherproducer.com/online-tools-for-musicians/midi-cc-list/
+  * https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~craig/articles/linuxmidi/misc/essenmidi.html
+  * https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/midi-tutorial/all
 {{tag>needswork midi protocol}}